Today I would like to share how a Customer Loyalty Program could be developed.
Step 1: Product evaluation
The firs t step is always to answer the following questions honestly:
• Is my product good enough?
• Is my product worth the investment?
If the product does not sell because of a significant quality, distribution, design or price problem, then the customer loyalty programme will not be able to salvage it. Only if the product is already competitive does a customer loyalty programme make sense. If the objective of the customer loyalty programme is to support a whole product line or even the entire company, then of cause these questions must be answered on a corporate rather than a product level.
A product analysis is necessary. You must clarify how sales have developed to the current level, and why they have developed that way. You must know the value of the product in the customers´ eyes, and what features drives its sales. An analysis of your competitors products in order to know position of you own products.
After you have made your product analysis you will be able to know if your product is competitive or not. If your findings are that your product or company does not have a significant completive product, one can apply the framework of W. Chan Kim and Rennee Mauborgne from the book, Blue Ocean strategy: How to create value innovation for your product and company.
Step 2: The value proposition
One can argue if the “Program Goals” comes before “The value proposition”. However from my perspective it is important to know what to offer the customers before a company identifies the program´s goals.
This part is one of the absolute most important steps before implementing a Customer Loyalty Program. What to offer the customer? What is the value proposition? If the value is not well received by the customers the program will not work at all. Therefore use extra time to develop your value proposal.
The value proposition differs for industry to industry and product to product. It also depends on high involvement or low involvement products. However here are some general guide lines.
1. The value, reward, benefit has to be of “high value” in order to make membership attractive. The benefit must meet the expectations of the target groups.
2. It is not enough to think that a benefit offers are of high value. The benefit must also have a high “perceived value” If the customers perceive it differently because it is not the benefit they desire, the program will not work
3. Selection of the benefit. The benefit can be “Hard” or “Soft”. See figure 2.
4. Timing of benefit or reward needs to be considered. Instant or delayed reward.
The timing of reward seams to affect the customer behavior. Yi & Jeon, 2003 describes “Immediate” and “Delayed” rewards as important considerations for a loyalty program. According to Dowling and Uncles, immediate rewards seem to be commensurate with price promotion. However, Yi & Jeon, 2003 contend that the loyalty program should be treated differently: unlike price promotion, it adopts a long-term perspective in shaping customer behavior.
If a customer wants immediate rewards while a company prefers delayed gratification to build exit barriers, there might be a conflict of interest between the customer and its sponsor. As immediate rewards cannot distinguish short-term promotion and long-term loyalty, program Yi & Jeon, 2003 modified Dowling and Uncles´ (1987) reward scheme by adding repeated reinforcements to immediate rewards.
Yi & Jeon, 2003 argues that involvement is an important element in understanding a consumer´s buying process and previous studies suggest that involvement might moderate the relationships between the variables concerning customer loyalty. O´Brien and Jones (1995) asserted that the loyalty program should be recognized as being valuable to the customer in order to be effective. Yi & Jeon, 2003 examines how reward schemes affect customers´ value perception of the program and how value perception of the loyalty program affects brand loyalty.
Step 3. Program Goals
Identify distinctly the loyalty programmer’s goals and target groups. More importantly, the choice of target groups is directly linked to the benefits there loyalty programme must offer, as each target group has its own preferences and demands different benefits.
Goals can be divided into Core, Primary and secondary loyalty programme goals. See Table 1.
Table 1 Goals of a Customer Loyalty program
Core Goal Main Goals Secondary Goals
Increase in:
• Revenue
• Profit
• Market share • Customer loyalty
• Win new customers
• Build up a strong database
• Support other company departments
• Create communication opportunities • Increase visit frequency at point of sale
• Increase usage and purchase frequency
• Develop problem solutions
• Support public relations of company
• Add customer support capacity
• Support dealer network
• Improve product, brand and company image
The ultimate goal of every customer loyalty programme is to increase profit, revenue and market share. However the program´s primary purpose is to build a relationship with the customers that turn them into long-term loyal customers.
Step 4: Finical Concept
Of course, the cost will differ from case to case, depending on the industry, the customer structure, the competitive situation, the set-up of the programme and so on. Most companies are very reluctant to give out financial information on their loyalty programmers, or do not even measure the cost. But an average you can estimate a cost per member per year in the range of US$ 20-60 for end-user loyalty programmes and US$ 100-300 for business to business loyalty programmes (Wiencke and Tribaian, 1996, p.156) (Barlow, 1992 p. 37). In addition, there is the initial cost of developing and establishing the programme, which can easily reach six figures. This does not include the cost of advertising and promotion of the programme during its launch, or larger investments in the infrastructure such as CRM tools and database.
The main costs for considerations are:
• Technical, organizational and personnel infrastructure
• The loyalty programme service centre
• Development, storage sand shipping of the benefits
• The communication measures
• The initial development and constant improvement of the programme concept.
Step 5: Develop a communication platform.
As explained, one of the main goals of a customer loyalty programme Is to create opportunities to communicate. In order to achieve this goal, the customer loyalty programme concept must include communication methods that reach the members with themes that are of interest to them. The communication concept must further bear in mind that the customer loyalty programme has to communicate in three different environments, each with different interest and goals.
The first group is the loyalty programme members; in the second group is the company´s employees, management and stakeholders. In the third group is the external loyalty programme environment, which includes the media, the industry in which the sponsoring company operates, external partners, and so on. For each of these three groups, different means of communication must be developed to send the appropriate messages. In addition the loyalty programme members will, in many cases, want to programme to serve as a platform to communicate with on another. Communication though new media channels such as text-messaging and social-networking platforms are strongly advised.
Step 6: How the programme should be organized and managed.
In order to guarantee a smooth development of the loyalty programme concept and its implementation the sponsoring company´s management should put together a project team of people from different departments (marketing, sales, It, market research, finance and so on) and management levels (from top management down to customer service representatives). Developing a customer loyalty programme is impossible without focus. By including different departments in the team, a one-side approach can be avoided. This diversity also ensures the acceptance of the final concept throughout the company, for every department´s view will have been included. By involving different management levels, you make sure that top management supports the final concept, that the people who have to manage it are satisfied with the programme for which they are responsible, and that the employees at the customer interface who have to promote and sell the loyalty programme support the idea. A steering committee should be set up whose members are form a higher management level of all relevant departments. Finally, if there is diversity in the team, it will be easier to integrate the loyalty programme into the company organization and the existing marketing plan. Instead of representing a top-down decision, the loyalty programme will be supported on all levels. (J.P. Kotter has made extensive research on how to create urgency in implementation of new programs into organizations. His work can be recommended)
Step 7: Set up a data base.
A data base that contains detailed and correct information on your customer is a strategic weapon that will have a great influence on the success of companies. Not only since the advent of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) must databases be seen form a strategic rather than a tactical viewpoint: without detailed knowledge about its customers no company will be able to compete. CRM is more commonly used in context of technology solutions and has been described as “information-enabled relationship marketing” (Ryals and Payne 2001) Zablah, Beuenger, and Johnston 2003 suggest that CRM is “a philosophically-related offspring to relationship marketing which is for the most part neglected in the literature” and they conclude that “further exploration of CRM and its related phenomena is not only warranted but also desperately needed”. I don’t think this is the place to describe CRM. However before implementing CRM one should take below into consideration:
In the article “Avoid the Four Perils of CRM” (Rigby, Reichheld, & Schefter, 2002) the authors argue that a company can only achieve success with its CRM program if the company first creates a customer strategy which starts with identifying which customers the company wants to build a relationship with. Dowling argues that the first step is to conduct an audit of the market in which the brand competes. Other researchers argue that company fails with implementing CRM if CRM is used to transform the entire business (Rigby & Ledingham, 2004).
Companies with CRM success all take a pragmatic, disciplined approach to CRM, launching highly focused projects that are relatively narrow in their scope and modest in their goals (Rigby & Ledingham, 2004)
Research shows that CRM has failed; companies trying to implement CRM have lost bought customers and money (Rigby, Reichheld, & Schefter, 2002). (Dowling, 2003) supports this critic concerning implementation problems. Examples include the high turnover rates of staff in call centers, the frequent cost blow outs associated with constructing a data warehouse etc. CRM often fails when the customer strategy is put in the back seat and CRM in the front.
Step 8: Make research on other loyalty programmes
To enable the task of developing a customer loyalty programme to be approached from a broad perspective, it is worthwhile carrying out some research. Consider the following questions:
• How do competitors organize their customer loyalty programmes?
• How are loyalty programmes set up in other industries or in other countries?
• What can we learn from other successful customer loyalty programmes?
• What can we learn from loyalty programmes that have failed?
• Is there any specific literature (for example, case studies) on the subject
• Are there outsiders specialists whom we can consult?
This research will allow proper benchmarking and inspiration in “best practice”. In general, the development of such programme form the moment of the first idea to its full implementation will take six to twelve months.
Step 9: Implementation
One of the questions that need to be addressed is how to implement or integrate the programme into the sponsoring company’s organizational structure. There are a variety of alternatives, from founding a totally independent company to manage the loyalty programme, to integrating the loyalty programme into an existing department, to outsourcing the entire loyalty programme management to an outside agency. There is no best solution, so this decision depends on the individual situation of the sponsoring company. It is more important to ensure that the customer loyalty programme´s enormous support potential is fully exploited within the company. In most cases companies should wait six to twelve months before seeing the results of the program.
Step 10: Make a strategy for program defectors
A loyalty program should be able to identify program defectors in order to try to win the customers back. Customers who leave can provide a view of the business that is unavailable to those inside and whatever caused one individual to defect may cause many others to follow. (REICHHELD & Jr, 1990) In most businesses, 60 % - 80 % of customer defectors said that they were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” on the last satisfaction survey prior to their defection (Reichheld, 1994). The reasons for satisfied customers defecting are often due to competitors change offerings or/and the customer develops new requirements or buying habits and begins to look for alternative products or the customer simply move to another location.